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01
四级
一、对联
对联(antithetic couplet)是一字一音的汉语语言独特的艺术形式，言简意深，讲究工整对仗(neat antithesis)。春节期间贴的对联被称作春联。过农历新年，家家户户贴春联是中国人的传统习俗。春联以庆祝春节、烘托节日气氛为目的，内容可以是对节日喜庆心情的抒发，也可以是对家人健康、财运的祝福，还可以是对来年风调雨顺、五谷丰登的一种希冀。
The antithetic couplet is a unique art form of the Chinese language and matches both sound and sense in two poetic lines. It is simple in language and yet profound in meaning. It lays emphasis on neat antithesis The couplets posted during the Spring Festival are known as spring couplets. To celebrate the Lunar New Year, every household posts spring couplets on the door, which is a traditional Chinese custom. The purpose of the spring couplets is to celebrate the Spring Festival and to heighten the festive atmosphere. Their contents are related to the expression of the festive mood, the blessing of health and wealth to the family as well as a hope and wish for a fair weather and a bumper harvest in the coming year.
二、爆竹
放爆竹(firecracker)是中国的传统习俗之一。无论是逢年过节、结婚嫁娶、进学升迁，还是大厦落成、商店开张等，只要为了表示喜庆，人们都习惯以放爆竹的方式来庆 祝。相传，这一习俗始于2500多年以前。当时，我们的祖先利用燃烧竹子发出的啪啪声惊吓、驱赶妖魔鬼怪和凶猛野兽( ferocious beasts)。久而久之，放爆竹这一习俗被保留了下来，成为节日庆祝的重要元素之一。
Setting off firecrackers is one of China’s traditional customs. People are accustomed to celebrating with firecrackers on such occasions as the New Year, festival, marriage, admission to school at a higher level, promotion to a higher position, complete construction of a building,opening of a new store, etc. just to mark the festival and happy occasion. According to legend,this custom dates back to over 2,50O years ago. At that time, our ancestors burned bamboos to produce cracking sounds to frighten away and ward off evil spirits and ferocious beasts. In the course of time, this custom of setting off firecrackers has been retained and become one of the important elements for festival celebrations.
02
六级
1、文房四宝
笔、墨、纸、砚( brush, ink, paper and ink stone)是中国特有的文书工具，被誉为“文房四宝(Four Treasures of the Study)”。笔(即毛笔)是我国传统书法Calligraphy)的重要工具，可以说，汉字书法是毛笔发展的产物;墨是用于书画的黑色材料，主要成分为碳，用于书写可使字长久留存，不易褪色;纸是一种重要的 书写材料，它是由植物类纤维加工制作而成的;砚是磨墨不可缺少的工具，般由石块或是耐磨的( wear-resistant)材料制作而成。文房四宝除了实用之外，还有很高的收藏和观赏价值。
Brush, ink, paper and ink stone are writing tools unique to China and are known as ” Four Treasures of the Study. Brush (i.e. ink brush ) is an important tool in traditional Chinese calligraphy, and it may well be said that Chinese calligraphy is a product of the evolution of ink brush. Ink is the black material used for writing and painting. Its main component is carbon;once used for writing characters, it can be preserved for a long time and is not easy to fade away. Paper is an important writing material made from plant fibers through processing. Ink stone, which is usually made of stones or wear-resistant materials, is an indispensable tool for grinding ink. In addition to the practical value in writing, c Four Treasures of the Study" are highly valuable for collection and admiration.
2、兵马俑
兵马俑( the Terracotta Warriors and Horses)即制成兵马(战车、战马、士兵)形状的陶制殉葬品( funerary objects made of clay),是我国古代墓葬雕塑的一个类别。兵马俑位于西安市秦始皇陵(Mausoleum ofQin Shi Huang)内，是秦始皇的陪葬物品。墓葬坑内的兵马俑与真人大小一致，神态各异，栩栩如生，而且规模庞大，蔚为壮观。1978年， 法国前总统希拉克在以巴黎市长的身份参观了秦始皇兵马俑之后，赞叹兵马俑堪称世界第八大奇迹，不看秦俑，就不能算来过中国。从此，秦始皇兵马俑便有了“世界第八大奇迹”的美誉。
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses are funerary objects made of clay in the shape of warriors and horses (chariots, horses and soldiers). They are a category of ancient Chinese tomb sculptures. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses are located in the MaUSOleum of Qin Shi Huang in Xian. They are the burial articles of Qin Shi Huang. The terracotta warriors and horses in the burial pits are of life-like sizes, look different and are true to life. They are of huge scale and magnificent. Former French President Chirac visited the Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang in 1978 in the capacity of mayor of Paris and praised it as. the eighth wonder of the world. He said that one is not said to have been to China if he has not paid a visit to the Terra-cotta Warriers and Horses. Since then, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses have enjoyed the reputation of the eighth wonder of the world.
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发表于 2018-6-3 05:33:59
